---
url: /indicators/bop.md
description: >-
  Created by Igor Levshin, the Balance of Power (aka Balance of Market Power) is
  a momentum oscillator that depicts the strength of buying and selling
  pressure.
package: FacioQuo.Stock.Indicators
docs_version: v3
canonical: https://dotnet.stockindicators.dev/indicators/bop
generated: 2026-09-30T04:41:06.055Z
commit: ae1f432eaa0b03ae9f39e032c69434b557efa4a2
---

# Balance of Power (BOP)

Created by Igor Levshin, the [Balance of Power](https://www.google.com/search?q=Balance+of+Power+\(BOP\)+indicator) (aka Balance of Market Power) is a momentum oscillator that depicts the strength of buying and selling pressure.
[\[Discuss\] 💬](https://github.com/facioquo/stock-indicators-dotnet/discussions/302 "Community discussion about this indicator")

```csharp
// C# usage syntax
IReadOnlyList<BopResult> results =
  bars.ToBop(smoothPeriods);
```

## Parameters

| param | type | description |
| ----- | ---- | ----------- |
| `smoothPeriods` | *`int`* | Number of periods (`N`) for smoothing.  Must be greater than 0.  Default is 14. |

### Historical price bars requirements

You must have at least `N` periods of `bars` to cover the warmup periods.

`bars` is a collection of generic `TBar` historical price bars.  It should have a consistent frequency (day, hour, minute, etc).  See [the Guide](/guide/getting-started.md#historical-bars) for more information.

## Response

```csharp
IReadOnlyList<BopResult>
```

* This method returns a time series of all available indicator values for the `bars` provided.
* It always returns the same number of elements as there are in the historical price bars.
* It does not return a single incremental indicator value.
* The first `N-1` periods will have `null` values since there's not enough data to calculate.

### `BopResult`

| property | type | description |
| -------- | ---- | ----------- |
| `Timestamp` | *`DateTime`* | Date from evaluated `TBar` |
| `Bop` | *`double`* | Balance of Power |

### Utilities

* [.Condense()](/utilities/results.md#condense)
* [.Find(lookupDate)](/utilities/results.md#find-by-date)
* [.RemoveWarmupPeriods()](/utilities/results.md#remove-warmup-periods)
* [.RemoveWarmupPeriods(removePeriods)](/utilities/results.md#remove-warmup-periods)

See [Utilities and helpers](/utilities.md) for more information.

## Chaining

Results can be further processed on `Bop` with additional chain-enabled indicators.

```csharp
// example
var results = bars
    .ToBop(..)
    .ToSlope(..);
```

This indicator must be generated from `bars` and **cannot** be generated from results of another chain-enabled indicator or method.

See [Chaining indicators](/guide/chaining.md) for more.

## Streaming

Use the buffer-style `List<T>` when you need incremental calculations without a hub:

```csharp
BopList bopList = new(smoothPeriods);

foreach (IBar bar in bars)  // simulating stream
{
  bopList.Add(bar);
}

// based on `ICollection<BopResult>`
IReadOnlyList<BopResult> results = bopList;
```

Subscribe to a `BarHub` for advanced streaming scenarios:

```csharp
BarHub barHub = new();
BopHub observer = barHub.ToBopHub(smoothPeriods);

foreach (IBar bar in bars)  // simulating stream
{
  barHub.Add(bar);
}

IReadOnlyList<BopResult> results = observer.Results;
```

See [Buffer lists](/guide/styles/buffer.md) and [Stream hubs](/guide/styles/stream.md) for full usage guides.